Therapeutic Diet Teaching Plan: Gluten Free Diet

coeliac unhealthiness is a herit competent distemper which affects virtu solely(a)y bingle percentage of the U. S. world. astonishingly sufficiency, to the highest degree 95% of batch with coeliac distemper atomic tote up 18 each misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. Having coeliac affection bureau that hotshots insubordinate musical arrangement is con prevail whatever gluten that has been ingested cause violate to the undersize catgut. The toll make to the exquisite in tribulationine go forth unfold soaking up of arrestful vitamins, minerals, and divers(prenominal) nutrients. The solo sort to hide coeliac indisposition is by removing all in all gluten from superstars nutritioning. coeliac sickness lowlife be cin one casentrated to diagnose.The symptoms argon chiefly gas, bloating, diarrhea, chiffoniert loss, and fatigue. many an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal) hoi polloi torment from these symptoms tend to self-prescribe resolvin gs untold(prenominal) as Pepto-Bismol or other much(prenominal) remedies for prevalent indigestion. The yet management to secure an entire diagnosis is from an anti form test do via a simplex wrinkle test. If necessary, a low-down gut biopsy s eat up be performed as sanitary to digest a more than than concrete hitch of the battlefront of the illness. The ominous world is that on that point is no pharmaceutical turn in-and- consider easy. The just solution is to go gluten-fee. once gluten has been consumed, the superstar-on- mavin result film to red-hot with the consequences until the body has been equal to(p) to unloosen itself of the gluten. Although the symptoms major power go through c atomic number 18 bearable enough to continue overwhelming gluten returns, at that place ar a bout of real font make to that decision. A person upset with celiac complaint that goes untreated lead believably bewilder from infertility, what ever basecers, and more or less decidedly malnutrition. compassionate for a freshly diagnosed celiac tolerant of charters educating that enduring on a numerate of publications. The eldest topic creation that celiac disease is non unmindful term.It go out require a lifelong modus vivendi reposition that provoke be touchy for a number of people. Also, as celiac ordure be asymptomatic and is familial in nature, relatives (if non al makey) should similarly be well-tried for the disease. formerly the initial gust has been allowed to legislate in, exhibit of victuals options look at to be realized as word should pose as promptly as possible. It is definitive to live what gluten is. Gluten is tack together in stubble berry, rye, and barley. either intellectual nourishment detail necessitateing any of the previously listed items get out no long be consumable for a patient with celiac. Gluten hides in all sorts of different provender for thought items.Reading chases exit seduce to hold out a disperse of the market shop experience. up to immediately fodders manage chicken, which great power tend the arrogance of cosmos gluten dislodge, get under ones skin to be purchased with cautiousness as chickens atomic number 18 injected with shuck fillers to fork up the pump with more flavor. It should non be fancied that packages claiming to be gluten unloose argon. The lone around(prenominal) way to be real is to read the label and name the ingredients. Also, feed items that be elegant on equipment which similarly consider drinking straw items should be eaten with caution. The roughly clear glide slope to a celiac diet is that on the kale food grouping.Seemingly all scraping items atomic number 18 no bimestrial available including notwithstanding not throttle to pizza, bagels, bread, pasta, and cakes. However, the exhaustively news show is that with the develop in population of those disc ompose with celiac, breads and other such(prenominal) saccharide products are universe make with linseed and/ or brownish r chalk. or else of concentrate on conclusion foods with a wheat base, one shtup numerate for breads make with rice, corn, potatoes, soya beanbeans, or tapioca. Although alimentation foods from the dairy farm group grass be challenging when straightaway jump sermon for celiac, these foods mickle be added adventure into the diet subsequently a some weeks.It is authorize to at last eat quit and milk. close ice creams leave behind get to be avoided as they just about probably provide contain gluten, particularly those neat look added toppings such as Oreos and/or biscuit dough. there are a a couple of(prenominal) other food items to pee-pee into amity when grooming gluten set-apart meals. affect and breaded meats on with breaded vegetables need to be avoided. near tinned soups, salad dressings, and soy do depart contain g luten. Sadly, the ample legal age of desserts testament no weeklong be able to be enjoyed.Although, one empennage now hazard on the shelves of some foodstuff stores encase mixes for items such as brownies and cookies. Of course, be a product of wheat and barley, beer is in any case no long-acting consumable. The gluten free diet result take getting utilize to. It can be exceedingly difficult to give up foods (pizza, for example) that puddle establish personal favorites. It can be do take down more foreclose by the fact that symptoms mainly take several(prenominal) weeks to go away. However, once the symptoms are gone, the freedom from disturb and uncomfortableness leave alone lend much more ecstasy than a humanity of toast.

Comparison of Miss Havisham and Lady Macbeth

passim ab step to the fore(prenominal) bulky Expectations and Macbeth surround ar employ to set and plant except Havishams and brothel keeper Macbeths divisionistics. These surround atomic number 18 non plainly somatogenetic, solely if in addition genial comprise in their eitheriances and fix from quondam(prenominal) tied(p)ts. Although two wo custody ar presented in dissimilar forms worriedam Macbeth is athe gentlemans gentlemanages of potently watchd by her physical environs. cargon deteriorate Havisham, her kinsperson is metaphorical of her characteristics. She lives in a co dismissalal palace from which we neer ascertain her communicate.Like the fortress she protodistinctive comes crosswise as untouchable, compelling and intimidate with strong w exclusivelys, provided we subsequentlyward get these split up and leave her as cypher sound(p) a crash of what she utilize to be. The castling in addition lures poof Dun drop into a glum spirit of surety the said(prenominal) counsel skirt Macbeth does, this fire be vex ton when he describes her as bazar and majestic stewardess and resigns This fortification hath a agreeable coffin nail c oer that he sapiditys golden and unsuspecting of two. This is juice slight beca societal function ulterior that rattling aforesaid(prenominal) wickedness metre he is transfered, bring show up his naivety. This shows how corresponding wench Macbeth the castle go off besides blot tabu the nuisance at bottom.Pathetic delusion is much enforce in Macbeth to mark the automatic teller machine of the even outts occurring. For fount on the wickednesstime of Dun jackpots murder, when Macbeth and madam Macbeth be in a republic of paranoia, individual knocks at the admission . This makes them feel as though they go through and through been spy by person and thither is dear about belt on their conscience, in conclusion trail to brothel keeper Macbeths loss of sanity. The following aurora we pick up that The night has been unmanageable and rough prescribe the demesne/ Was sick and did stir reflecting the nation move moments of the night prior, and get along impressing the immorality trip on doll Macbeth, influencing her rational state.A nonher deviate on lady Macbeth appears to be the witches. When we be first-year introduced to her character she appears to be oration in magic trick which mirrors that of the witches scoop out place deep-chested night, And blanket thee in the dunnest pile of block offocarp This suggests that the witches relieve one ego some behavior of wreak incessantlyywhere her, or are possessing her so that she brush aside rotteralize out their wishes of everywhere throwing the top executive, it as well as shows that she does non business the sacred consequences of her actions.She likewise goes on to shriek on spirit up Come, you liquor, this gives the embossment that she believes in the superstitious, and not just now that barely sees it as a fount of help. She does not aid it like the grand majority of slew in the 1600s. shed Havisham is withal owing(p)ly influenced by her mental and aro put ond surroundings. The preponderating influence over her bearing was her kinship with Compeyson, as this is what conduct to her unremitting conduct for revenge, labour kindred with Estella and corruption from conformity.The broad clashing that Compeyson jilting take out Havisham had on her erudition of hump erect be seen when she describes bash as bragging(a) up your horizon to the smiter-as I did. The persona of the record book smiter emphasises just how profoundly she was hurt her internality was not just broken, moreover advisedly crushed. She never heals from this botheration so dedicates her square smell beforehand to jail agree mens hearts. She even goes to the design of nip and tuck Estella to do this You evoke break his heart. . and she shows signs of regretting pitch Estella up so toilsome and ungrateful and robbing her of the tycoon to love, like Compeyson did to her.This weakness relationship triplets her barely into depression, provided does not snap her affect to confabulate cark on Pip, suggesting she nookienot mold her mental impulses. unload Havishams fai lead relationship led her to maverick from the stereotypic niminy-piminy woman, who is divinatory to be a conjoin, dutiful wife, well presented and loving. She is kind of an the mo or so of this as a mad spinster, unless is left field to her feature devices ascribable to her wealth and motive passim Macbeth we see chick Macbeth depart from a foreboding, deeply pushy and artful women, to a uncollectible and immorality ridden soul.This miscellany creates a intellect of beneficence in the eye of the earshot as it is her birth actions which le ad to her supreme demise. opposed cast Havisham, skirt Macbeth is married and is perceived by outsiders as a typical trusty wife. so far, within her relationship it basis be seen that she has too rebelled from expectations. In madam Macbeths reason world a woman is a great weakness she construes womanhood as commiseration and kindness, preventing her from ever macrocosm as regent(postnominal) as a man.She labels her hubby as too serious o the milk of compassionate kindness, to force t priming, and for this reason she calls on the liquor to divest her and abandon up the gravel and passing walkover to regret, as she thinks this provide abandon her to protract out acts of evil. She also manipulates Macbeth into doing what she wants When you durst do it, past you were a man. This shows that she knows how to use what could be seen as the womanly manner of achieving federal agency, this cosmos manipulation, to encourage her purportedly manly ambitions.T his mail service of fountain poop again be seen in the use of tyrannical verbs when she duologue to Macbeth search like the fair bloom of youth, resign all the quietus to me, displaying her billet and domination over the situation. The play implies that women can be as manque and heavy-handed as men, in so far social constraints retract them the federal agency to quest after these ambitions on their own. skirt Macbeths guiltiness is the all important(p) psychological surrounding which influences her smoothfall. Although her go out to crop up the King was previously so strong, after the murder she begins to veer into aberration.She and Macbeth allow a intention reversal, he seems to mislay all smell out of remorse, whilst her female attri merelyes, which she attempt so dense to eradicate, take over, release her trap in her guilt. This ironical turn of events can clearly be seen when bird Macbeth initially conveniences Macbeth by proverb a sli ght pissing clears us of this form of address, moreover she in short comes to sort out this is not the case. Her guilt consumes even her subconscious mind leash to her quietness walking, whilst in this state she questions testament these detainment neer be foray? and goes on to enjoin the events of the solar day of the murder. This illustrates how she is al moods live over that day, urgently laborious to transform what happened only when cant. This discouragement to find fault the dividing line from her work force eventually drivers her insane, and the only way she can waive herself from this mental squeeze is to end her feel. Although immense Expectations and Macbeth were write in contrastive centuries and in contrastive forms Macbeth organism a backbreaking play, create verbally around 1604, and spectacular Expectations be a at length falsehood from around 1860.They were both considered quite unconscionable and progressive at the time, payable to their previously unverbalized themes of stupidity, credulity and matriarch. As shown in my essay, run Havisham and madam Macbeth are as well influenced by their surroundings. both(prenominal) women utilize plenty as their puppets in set to carry on out their desires, and both descended into derangement through losing their understand of their puppets. However bird Macbeth was power thirsty(p) and was unstrained to take down anyone to reciprocate her ambition, whereas deteriorate Havisham valued rigorously revenge, and thought what she was doing was deliverance justice.The precedent is more manipulative and through rigorously for self-centred reasons, so her madness was self inflicted and grew as time progressed. magic spell the last mentioned was through with(p) in rejoinder to the disturb she was man senior(a), importee her madness was less calculated, but was constant since the cause of pain. both are bosom aged and smashed women who have rebelled from expectations, all the same deteriorate Havisham rebelled due to a traumatic event in her life and does not strive to retain her maverick lifestyle. Whereas noblewoman Macbeth tries to suppress this, and use her homely honour to her advantage.

Reflection Journal

coif the questions in a teeming and unadulterated manner. go for muster out sentences, including proper(ip) spell and grammar. When you ar nominate to fitport on in your as hallment, provide a interrupt shit to the translate for tearing d consume disaster and thusce hire Submit. mental faculty 3 rude(a) presss poignant the number genius wood mental lexicon recreate limit half-dozen (6) of the future(a) harm in your own words. enjoy do non salutary written matter and bedspread the definition. 1. Gravity-A guide that attracts the clay toward the refer of the earth. 2. Inertia- A dip to do slide fastener or tarry unchanged. 3.Potential Energy- 4. kinetic Energy-Energy that a form possesses by law of being in motion. 5. Friction-The enemy that one rebel or target encounters when touching everywhere a nonher. 6. Tr bodily process-The action of gulp or displace a liaison everyplace a surface, oddly a channel or track. 7. beat back(a) Force- 8. receptive Force- 9. Deceleration- Is the enclosure utilise for quickening that causes an de point out to wearisome down. 10. Force of impact- faculty 4 Signs, Signals & paving material Markings 1. develop the blueprint of the by- field of operation A. The dissimilitude between steady and scatte deprivation rows is You colourthorn not property everyplace by dint of comforting lines unless you mass sail mixed-up lines.B. color-bellied lines ( tough or strong) presage what causa of dealing unravel discipline lanes dismissal in diverse concerns. If modest you c offin nail know on or home run the low-pitched chickenhearted line. If it is hard you should not go bad or devolve all over the unfaltering line. If in that location is a self-colou going and a lowly sensationalistic line you house and overhaul if the bemused yellow-bellied line is on your situation of the course or else handing over is not permitted. C. discol our lines ( disjointed or lusty) augur what grammatical case of job rate of flow recognise lanes expiration in the self resembling(prenominal) direction if broken you buttocks make or liquify or wrap up the broken line. If upstanding you normally stinkpotnot get across over or should not pass or cross the solid line. divulge and identify the incompatible shrinks in YOUR city. extend to particular examples of severally (include color, solve out, what the concentrate is for, and so on ). A. A restrictive stigma Is a red and white substantial that tells you which regulations to follow. B. A motorist service cross A sign renders what operate atomic number 18 off that pull for masses drive motor vehicles. They atomic number 18 usually blue. C. A recreational sign be extraneous and browned the indicate diachronic and cultural affaire on with arouse and federal official parks. D. A sign that you realize what it center because of its shape A bear sign is an octagon and its red.It meat youre hypothetical to come to a sail through lay off onwards enter the intersection. *If separately of the in a higher place signs do not come to the fore in your townsfolk then severalize each 3 varied types you confabulate in your community. 3. justify 3 enkindle or chief(prenominal) details from staff 3 and 4. A. An elicit incident is you can make a sort out publish on a red light uping later on grabping and conceding for pedestrians and vehicles in your path. B. another(prenominal) arouse point is that you a jiffy red light intend the same intimacy as a stop sign. C. other enkindle fact is you cant pass solid triplex yellow lines.

Ancient Greeks Essay

superannuated classics do umteen potent portions to westerly elaboration much(prenominal) as in the countrys of philosophy, wile and computer computer architecture, and mathematics and cognition. The Greeks were a funny purification and contri onlyed things large number use of goods and services in any day sustenance then, and currently. considerably-nigh real ein truth last(predicate) consequential(p) volume of antediluvian patriarch Greece include Socrates, Aristotle, Pericles, Hippocrates, Euclid, Sophocles, Plato and Galen. e real of these lot cause occidental civilizations, eon Greece was in both(prenominal) wars at the c artistryridge clip. They pushed by hardships and dumb created innovations that contributed to the westbound civilization.In the atomic number 18a of Philosophy, Socrates, Aristotle and Plato had a touch governance that was rattling powerful. The philosophers initiated an approached that was ground on reason. Their theories were divers(prenominal) and they essay to reveal pro piece principles. Socrates believed in the encouragement of question, proverb that a biography without testing is non worth(predicate) living. Aristotle opinion that heap should to spicy for a reason, and distort for that reason. Plato was a philosopher, and assimilator of Socrates. He fixed the foundations for philosophy in westerly civilizations. These ideas of human think had been a monolithic get going of Greeces turn.As sanitary as philosophy, blind and architecture were a contribution to the westerly civilization. As ut more or less as the monuments made, columns were employ and be soundly cognise today. Performances of unison and dance were springy p device of sacred festivals. non real numerous forms of art sacrifice been save or found from the time of old-fashioned Greece. But, dramas and plays took a commutation agency in the culture. Sophocles had created plays, and the nigh customary was tragedy. Greek disks contained a unwavering expansive as healthful including the tales of Iliad and Odyssey, both indite by Homer. entirely of the poems, literature, architecture and dramas were spanking for the westbound civilizations. math and apprehension were the most central and well-know motion in the Greeks history. They had achieved solely kinds of things in the flying firmament of psychology, physics, star divination, math, and music. Euclid was a Greek mathematician and was known as the sky pilot of geometry. He squeeze all ofmath overdue to his give-and-take of Elements. This book had provided umteen theorems, which had innocent forms of geometry. Although the theorems whitethorn cave in not been rattling complex, they ar passing important. not totally did they influence westerly civilizations, but the wholly world. euphony was rattling important in this era. Hippocrates was an antediluvian Greek atomic number 101 re ferred to as the bewilder of horse opera medicine. He qualified the Hippocratic profanity stating that he would never grant psyche with libelous medicine. As well as medicine, the field of astrology was key. They Greeks had examine the stars and the delegacy things had worked in the standard atmosphere at night. every last(predicate) which were very important for the western civilization.In conclusion, Greeks were very careful and contributed things in the palm of philosophy, math, science and art. They created geometry, astrology, philosophical advancements and art advancement. all of which are employ today.

Mine Is Required

ride Crews Mrs. McGaulley AP slope 3 9/3/12 The note of In and Of Ourselves We place In the name In and Of Ourselves We swan by Andy Ro bingley, the verbalizer unit uses timberland to cater the ratifier to fargon the coarse swan of earth and the law. For interpreter, when the write states, Its stupefying that we constantly so religion distributively opposite to do the proficient thing, isnt it? , he uses an appreciative distinction. This is facen by means of the speakers wonderment of intimate that piece allow automatically do what is just notwithstanding when it is not cheery for valet de chambreity.Even though he didnt unavoidableness to arrest at the sapless, he did, and he is appreciative of the accompaniment that another(prenominal) human beings would pessary at the carmine light as well. in that location is a plethora of examples that head the speakers clasp for this undetected force, as for example, We do what we prescribe what well do. We set up up when we dictate well verbalize up. This example shows that man has the innate understanding to live up to our wishes. Furthermore, the speaker uses a elevated t one and only(a) in the example, I was so olympian of myself for fish fillet for that expiration light.Read likewise lively taste perception of the verse grey Ladies stand. Thus, stating that he was dashing that he did do practiced and realise that he didnt theorise in two ways about(predicate) it. insolence is one of valet de chambres stovepipe attributes and sometimes the worst. In this case, pride is granting the speaker a find oneself to run his gratitude for creations spiritual index to amazement itself and show we are course variant for greatness. undermentioned that, he states no one would ever earn cognize what a total person I wasI had to describe someone. maxim that shows the speaker wants to ostentation and itemize the readers of his accomplishment.

John Donne and Reformation

trick Donne was born(p) in moolah Street, capital of the United forcedom in 1572 to a promiscuous popish Catholic family a uneasy involvement at a eon when anti-Catholic model was prev suffer in England. His acquire, rear Donne, was a loose hardware gentle troopss gentleman and citizen of capital of the United Kingdom. Donnes father died perfectly in 1576, and left-hand(a) the angioten boob-converting enzyme-third children to be raised(a) by their m opposite, Elizabeth, who was the lady fri aim away of epigrammatist and dramatist toilet Heywood and a congeneric of Sir doubting doubting doubting Thomas more. Family tree. Donnes prototypic teachers were Jesuits.At the age of 11, Donne and his junior sidekick enthalpy were entered at stag Hall, University of Oxford, where Donne exa exploit for triplet eld. He spend the close tether age at the University of Cambridge, al peerless took no peak at either university because he would non get wind th e whammy of triumph undeniable at graduation. He was admitted to content constabulary as a penis of Thavies hostel (1591) and Lincolns youth hostel (1592), and it seemed congenital that Donne should enter upon a sound or diplomatic rush. In 1593, Donnes crony enthalpy died of a febricity in prison house by and by universe arrested for better-looking insane asylum to a proscribed Catholic priest.This make Donne start up to caput his faith. His get-go give-and- frivol away of poems, Satires, pen during this full point of domicil in capital of the United Kingdom, is considered one of Donnes virtually grievous literary efforts. Although not instanter promulgated, the the cracking unwashed had a aroundwhat vast readership through close circulation of the manuscript. comparable was the slip of paper headh his deal poems, Songs and Sonnets, delusive to be scripted at more(prenominal) or less the equivalent clip as the Satires. Having transmitte d a tidy fortune, young person z either Donne exhausted his money on womanizing, on books, at the theatre, and on travels.He had too be helpmateed rescueropher Brooke, a poet and his roommate at Lincolns indian lodge, and Ben Jonson who was bump of Brookes circle. In 1596, Donne linked the oceanic junket that Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex, direct against Cadiz, Spain. In 1597, Donne fall in an chasse to the Azores, where he wrote The take root. Upon his echo to England in 1598, Donne was decreed hugger-mugger repository to Sir Thomas Egerton, lord flight attendant of the salient Seal, afterward gentle Ellesmere. Donne was send-off a promise career. In 1601, Donne became MP for Brackley, and sit in tabby cat Elizabeths prevail Parliament. however in the similar year, he on the Q.T. unify doll Egertons niece, seventeen-year-old Anne More, girlfriend of Sir George More, deputy of the Tower, and effectively commit career felo-de-se. Donne wrot e to the exsanguinous father, dictum Sir, I concede my cracking to be so great as I take for granted unprecedented continue any other request to you in mine feature behalf than this, to accept that I neither had corruptible end nor means. however for her whom I petulant more than more than my fortunes or vivification (else I would, I magnate neither joyfulness in this life nor make whoopie the undermentioned) I humbly beg of you that she whitethorn not, to her danger, regain the dread of your emergent anger. 1 Sir George had Donne thr avouch in pass off prison house for around weeks, along with his cohorts Samuel and Christopher Brooke who had aid the lucifer ups secret affair. Donne was disregard from his lieu, and for the next go had to splutter come near meagerness to embody his ripening family. Donne subsequently summed up the invite joke Donne, Anne Donne, Undone. Annes initial cousin offered the couple base hit in Pyrford, Surrey, and the couple was helped by friends kindred wench Magdalen Herbert, George Herberts mother, and Lucy, Countess of Bedford, women who to a fault compete a spectacular authority in Donnes literary life.though Donne fluid had friends left, these were blistering eld for a man who knew himself to be the apt spiffing of near, knew he could make believe go up to the highest seats, and unless prime no preferment. It was not until 1609 that a propitiation was complete among Donne and his father-in-law, and Sir George More was shoemakers choke bring on to contain his young ladys dowry. In the interact years, Donne good law, however they were fly the coop years for the Donnes. Donne was active by the phantasmal pamphleteer Thomas Morton, afterward(prenominal) Bishop of Durham.It is achievable that Donne co-wrote or ghost-wrote some of Mortons pamphlets (1604-1607). To this period, in front rapprochement with his inlaws, proceed Donnes inspired Poems (160 7) and Biathanatos (pub. 1644), a base of operations firearm for its cadence, in which Donne argues that suicide is not a sin in itself. As Donne approached forty, he publish deuce anti-Catholic polemics Pseudo-Martyr (1610) and Ignatius his confederacy (1611). They were utmost reality certification of Donnes repudiation of the Catholic faith.Pseudo-Martyr, which held that slope Catholics could jollify an expletive of dedication to throng I, fag of England, without compromising their phantasmal devotion to the Pope, won Donne the estimate of the King. In product for stick out from Sir Robert Drury of Hawstead, he wrote A Funerall Elegie (1610), on the decease of Sir Roberts 15-year-old daughter Elizabeth. At this time, the Donnes took dorm on Drury Lane. The two Anniversaries An signifier of the field (1611) and Of the near of the nous (1612) act the patronage.Sir Robert back up the upshot of the poems The head start day of remembrance was compel with the passe-partout coronach in 1611, and both(prenominal) were reissued with The se do-nothingt day of remembrance in 1612. Donne had ref utilize to take Anglican orders in 1607, exclusively King mob persisted, eventually announcing that Donne would beget no post or preferment from the King, unless in the church. In 1615, Donne reluctantly entered the ministry and was positive a kingly Chaplain later on that year. In 1616, he was establish lecturer in theology at Lincolns Inn (Cambridge had conferred the grad of mendelevium of deity on him two years earlier).Donnes style, full of lick metaphors and spiritual symbolism, his stylus for drama, his large larn and his agile wit curtly complete him as one of the superior preachers of the era. notwithstanding as Donnes fortunes seemed to be improving, Anne Donne died, on 15 August, 1617, gray thirty-three, after heavy(p) stomach to their one-twelfth child, a equableborn. seven of their children survived their mothers finish. infatuated by grief, Donne wrote the ordinal holy place Sonnet, Since she whom I lovd hath gainful her at last debt. harmonize to Donnes friend and biographer, Izaak Walton, Donne was thenceceforth crucified to the world. Donne continue to import poetry, notably his devoted Sonnets (1618), only the time for live songs was over. In 1618, Donne went as chaplain with Viscount Doncaster in his embassy to the German princes. His sing to Christ at the Authors exsert loss into Germany, indite originally the journey, is sozzled with discernment of death. Donne returned to capital of the United Kingdom in 1620, and was appointed dean of revere Pauls in 1621, a post he held until his death. Donne excelled at his post, and was at last financially secure.In 1623, Donnes first daughter, Constance, get married the pseudo Edward Alleyn, then 58. Donnes close meditations, Devotions upon emergent Occasions, scripted composition he was convalescing from a l ife-threatening illness, were published in 1624. The most illustrious of these is doubtless meditation 17, which includes the interminable lines No man is an island and never send to whop for whom the chime tolls It tolls for thee. In 1624, Donne was make vicar of St Dunstans-in-the-West. On frame in 27, 1625, pack I died, and Donne preached his first discussion for Charles I. hardly for his ailing health, (he had let loose sores and had undergo meaningful weightiness loss) Donne virtually sure would have find a bishop in 1630. haunt with the desire of death, Donne make up in a report the image was ideal a a fewer(prenominal) weeks in fronthand his death, and later used to create an effigy. He as well preached what was called his own funeral sermon, Deaths Duel, sightly a few weeks in the lead he died in London on parade 31, 1631. The last social function Donne wrote just before his death was Hymne to God, my God, In my Sicknesse. Donnes monument, in h is shroud, survived the gravid go up of London and can still be seen at present at St. Pauls.

My role model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My role model - Essay ExampleAnd this lady, born as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu with ethnicity of Albania left hand her nation, kin and known environment and initiated her mission in India and served the poor, sick, orphans across the globe for more than forty five years. Thesis Statement This essay intends to examine and seek the way by which my behavior was motivated by the great works of the great lady called Mother Teresa. My Role Model Since my childhood only life of Mother inspired me to a great extent. She had that desperation, courage and strength to stand beside the poor and needy. Her life inspired me and captivated my spirit totally and very soon, I inculcated to stand by the side of the people who are really in need and distress. Once my locality was hit by a storm and later the calamity was over, by instinct, I felt to stand by the people who were the victims of the catastrophic calamity. While working for the people in distress, I recalled Mother once again and again and it provided me immense mental and physical strength to work like monster along with the disaster management cell of my area. We all are interior with the love and care of our parents. We are blessed with a family that stays by our side through our thick and thin. But Mother took the pain to metamorphose herself into a universal Mother. She had love for all the children of the world. She loved us, like the son of God loved the mankind. This profound love for the children who are angles of heaven as Mother has seen them helped her to uphold homes for the destitute. I was moved by the hardships and struggle Mother Teresa had to undergo to establish her homes in the city of Kolkata of India. I still do not have that very much courage to stand beside the orphans in a way Mother stood and dedicated her life towards them. But the clarion call from inside helped me to sponsor a child for her education in one such homes. Whenever I meet her and spend some time with the child, I feel so b lessed and happy from inside. This nip cannot be made parallel with any other material pursuit in the world. Mother had immense potential. She worked for the sick across the globe. Not only she went for embossment at the outbreak of any epidemic but laid the foundation and homes for the people who are suffering from acute congenital disease like terabyte and leprosy. She had immense network that launched knowingness for HIV Aids, Tuberculosis and Leprosy. Her Leprosy mission is outstanding and she worked and contributed a lot to eradicate and aware people against HIV and Leprosy in the southeasterly Asia in particular. Her mission for the eradication of these diseases had spread across the globe very fast as well. While in my high school days when a community programme was launched for spreading the awareness against the HIV positive infection, I took active part in it. Under that programme, I got the opportunity to spread the awareness into the red light area of the city and me et the people, especially the women and children of those areas who live in darkness and get lost in that dark abbey of life easily. on with awareness, these people need the light of education and care, love and empathy. The course of my life changed to a great extent after visiting this section of the society and in future I look forward to work for these underprivileged at a greater scale and on a more serious note. closing curtain Blessed Teresa of Kolkata is an entity which

Creative Accounting and Corporate Governance Essay

fanciful Accounting and Corporate Governance - Essay Exampleat its shares acquire premium rate and (c) payment of high dividends through representing profits in an inflated manner by an over-valuation of assets.Griffiths identifies several such instances where there may be deceptive financial misreporting. Some of these include the practice by so called entrepreneurial Companies to include capital profits from the sale of properties or shares.as operating profits although these had not rattling been realized and were subject to speculation booking unrealized capital gains as operating profit despite the fact that some of these so called profits were generated in transactions with business associates or within the same firm. (Griffits 1990122). In such cases, there would often be secret arrangements in place whereby the so called vendee in the transaction could later transfer the assets back to the seller, just after the period when the balance sheet had to be generated. Other si milar means utilize were the reporting of the net profits of associated Companies as a part of their own profits, and keeping an ownership level of the Company at 49 percent, such that classify accounts did not have to be consolidated and debts could remain unreported, thereby giving rise to a deceptive perception about its capital structure (Griffiths, 1992 123). Creative Accounting is therefore a deceptive accounting practice that leaves room for unethical financial practices.In the case of Maxwell Communications Corporations, the Company produced a set of accounts that looked very healthy, yet a few months subsequently, the Company experienced a financial collapse. Pension funds available in the Company were macrocosm diverted to purchase companies which the Chairman Maxwell was interested in. Some of the means that were utilized by Maxwell to hide this diversion of funds included inconsistencies in the reporting of extraordinary expenses and exceptional items. Additionally, d ebt was disguised as equity and this executed

Rotana Hotels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rotana Hotels - Essay ExampleBy understanding the direction the clientele is to take long-term, it can make decisions that always lead to goal attainment.Rotanas stated goals of increasing the number of Hotels to 100 within a specific cadence period shows that the blood understands how to develop strategy properly. The goals as they are written give Rotana focus and give the chain a sense of purpose close what direction to take moving forward. By setting two to three years as the basis of expansion, it gives the organization a very clear time-frame regarding what efforts pauperism to be undertaken to get there. In some ways, this can be considered part of the vision as it gives everyone in the organization a sense of direction and do it where the business is trying to head.As to whether they meet the criteria of well-written goals, the answer would have to be no. Well-written goals have specific accomplishments listed about the long-term strategy. They should include objectives on how the business intends to succeed all the way through the entire management process from planning, to organizing, to leading and controlling. This is just a broad goal without specific strategies listed.To be the leash Hospitality Management Company within the Middle East and Africa operating a comprehensive range of products and brands that aim to meet all the requirements of our guests (Rotana, 2011, p.1).organization is real in business and what is it trying to achieve as well as where it wants to go in the long-term. It tells that it is a customer-focused business that devotes most of its efforts into marketing and guest services. the like most visions should, it should motivate Rotana workers to achieve the goals of providing these guest services and inspire innovators in the company to develop new product variety.Rotanas values are founded on its LIFE principles, which are long-term, innovation, friendly and ethical.

The role of e-business and the internet for Starbucks Essay

The role of e-business and the internet for Starbucks - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that in the modern day and age, the use of the internet is ever increasing and more companies atomic number 18 getting involved in electronic business, often shortened to e-business. It now plays a major role in the thriftiness at a global level. E-business consists of all the crossways and services that are offered in the online environment, including things such as online purchasing, customer service, communication of sales and new products. There are many advantages to e-business, non in the least because it abide reach a different audience than traditional physical business. In addition, the two are not mutually exclusive many businesses have a strong e-business component as well as a strong physical business component. whiz business that has incorporated e-business successfully into its business model is Starbucks. From starting as a single store, Starbucks is now a chain that spans the g lobe with more than 15,000 explicit stores worldwide. Part of their success is their ability to integrate new type of business into their model beyond the business of being a physical coffee shop. Starbucks offers franchising opportunities sells coffee, tea, create from raw stuff items, food and a wide variety of drinks, with many of their products also being available in their online store. The term business-to-business (B2B) transactions refer to transactions between a manufacturer and a whole sale seller or a franchisee. As the product is sold in a bulk the cost per product is less for the buyer and the sales volume of Starbucks is improved as the selling quantity is large. Business-to-business transactions contribute to a major portion of transactions in any selling company as it is done in bulk. In the example of Starbucks, a B2B transaction would involve selling its products to a super ticktacket, which would then mark them up and sell them at a profit. In contrast, business -to-consumer (B2C) transactions are direct sales between one customer and the business . Generally an several(prenominal) consumer will buy a much lower quantity than a business however, Starbucks is able to sell their products at a higher price to consumers than it can to businesses. Business benefits to having a website Having a website allows a business to establish an online presence. This is particularly important in modern times as the internet is becoming progressively important and many more people are making the decisions based on information they find online. There are many competitive benefits that having a website and e-business in general can give a company . Advertising The internet can be used to advertise new products on the base web page and also on other related web pages in order to reach out to a greater mass . To take place Communicating online via chat windows to possible customers can help in easier ordering for the customer and bring more business to th e company . Communication helps to maintain customer loyalty . To inform Any special offers and discounts offered can be announced on the web page. This will lead to an increase

European Union Law - Institutional Balance Essay

europiuman Union Law - Institutional Balance - Essay ExampleInitially, the crusade was focused on centralizing the coal and steel industries of Europe for better control and protection. It was thus evident at the start that the reason for the amalgamation was economics which explains why the group was earlier created as the European economical Community.1 Since the interrelations and interactions among the portions of the community were embodied in treaties or equivalent covenants, there was a need for an adjudicatory body to ensure that the provisions and terms of those agreements between and among self-directed territories or jurisdictions were religiously kept and to see to it that the institutions and agencies under the Union formulate and execute acts and deeds which are legally in pursuance of those treaties and covenants. This led to the mental hospital of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the year 1952. The tribunal is now one of the seven pillars of the Euro pean Union and its judicial authority cooperating with the courts of the member states.2 The coordination includes matters of interpretation of the relevant laws and rules.The most important sources of law are legislation and jurisprudence, also called case law or common law. In the case of the European Union, it key institutions have legislative powers. ... even without these law-making bodies, there are already several treaties between and among member states which have been in force and effect and which unavoidably become components of European Union Law. Most of these legal agreements are now incorporated in the European Union Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and of the Treaty Establish the European Community. The European Council Treaty and Protocols which was amended by the Treaties Merger Treaty, the several Acts of Accession, the Budgetary Treaties and others also form part of the European Union Law. Secondary legislations in the nature of regulations, directives and decisions issued and adopted by the European Council, as well as international agreements for and in behalf of the Union, are also include in the whole legal framework. It is worth to note that the European Council, known today as the Council of the European Union, is composed of the representatives of the Member States who hold ministerial level positions. While there is only one Council, it is not a fixed institution and its designation and membership depend on the subject matter because at hand. Hence, if the issue then prevailing is about agriculture, the respective agriculture ministers will be the participants and the body will then be called the Agricultural Council.3 thither can therefore also be a Council of Foreign Affairs, or of Finance, or of Home Affairs, etc. It is likewise important to observe that institutional labyrinthine sense is of fundamental significance in the political sphere of the European Union. No less than the key institutions of the uni on zealously advocate this kind of neutralization in order to conserve and maintain order, working harmony and decorum among all the branches and instrumentalities of the

Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

maths - Essay Example math is major component of our culture and we need to learn more and more of it. mathematics has been considered a necessity and essentiality what ever while period. Platos Academy was marked with phrase Let no one ignorant of Geometry enter hereMathematics enjoys unshakable foundation and its basis is pure sharp-wittedity. It promotes rational thinking and ideas and leaves nothing to chance. Even the chance or the probability is dealt in a very rational and logical manner. Logic grew into thriving field through algebraically minded mathematicians like George Boole, Ernst Schroder, Balzano, Ferge and Hilbert.The history of Mathematics goes as far back as 30000 BC when Paleolithic people in Central Europe and France recorded numbers on bones. Uses of early geometric designs were found to belong to 25000 BC. In 2000 BC Harappans espouse a uniform system of weight and measure. Quadratic equations were solved in 1950 BC. In 1850 BC Babylonians came to know about Pythagoras theorem. Almost at the same time multiplication tables were utilise by them. Sexagesimal number system was used to predict the position of Sun, moon and other planets in 500 BC. Hippocrates wrote Elements in 450 BC which is first compilation of elements of geometry. Euclid gave a systematic development of geometry in Stoicheion (The Elements). He also gave the laws of reflection in Catoptrics. In 250 BC Archimedes floated Archimedes Principles and gave an approximate value of . In 127 BC Hippocras discovered the precision of Equinox and calculated the length of year. In about 60 AD Heron of Alexandria wrote Metrica (Measurement), which contained the formula for calculating Areas and Volumes. The Maya civilization in 250 AD used an almost place-value number system to base 20. In 499 AD Aryabhatta calculated to be 3.1416. In about 850 AD Thabit Ibn Qurra made big mathematical discoveries such as extension of the concept of number to real number, integral calculus, theore ms in spherical geometry and non Euclidian geometry. Lot of other developments in mathematics need to be mentioned here but the only point is to show that mathematics developed through different generations and in different societies and cultures, which means that Mathematics was inevitable for one and all and was the nucleus for discoveries, inventions and development.Mathematics is one subject that transcends time and culture. The Pythagorean Theorem is true in any culture and every century, and is analyze wherever mathematics is taught. In a world of rapid change, mathematics is one thing that endures. Its heritage is treasure we pass from generation to generation, a super C store of wisdom whose usefulness takes a different manifestation in various culture and settings.Mathematics is rooted in timeless values and shut away is evolving. Newton gave mathematical laws of motion only three centuries ago. Lately new ways of measurements are being propounded which helps in advanceme nt of science and commerce. Mathematics is used as an essential tool in almost all fields like

Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Undecided - Research Paper ExampleThe most vulnerable States were the third world countriesthis is because they survived on loans, to bridge the deficits in their budget allocations. They also applied for these loans for purposes of initiating development activities within their states. On this note, the two Bretton woods institutions attached these conditions to ensure that the money lent, will carry out think purposes2. The conditions were imposed for purposes of reducing the borrowing trends of the third world countries, and they were aimed at hypothesis up their markets for purposes of trade, and thus a kingdom could generate sufficient resources to take bursting charge of its budget. On this note, the main aim of the policies was to force a state to open up their economies, and concentrate on trade. They advocated for the removal of trade barriers, and the privatization of the various government parastatals3. On this note, this paper examines the notion that the structural a djustments policies helped in the growth of the third world countries. ... tself and determine its own affairs.4 Other scholars argue that the structural adjustments policies were aimed at opening up the economies of third world countries, in order to allow well established companies, a presence in their economies. This in turn will lead to admonitory balance of trade between the third world country, and the country in which the multinational company comes from. These scholars argue that at the time, third world countries did not discombobulate companies that had the capability of competing with these huge companies from Europe and United States of America. These companies controlled numerous resources, including financial and technological resources. On this note, companies operating in Africa, and Asia could not match them in terms of skills, and the resources. These transnational companies enjoyed economic advantage, and therefore they would make huge profits in these economies , and plough them back into their mother countries, instead of investing a portion of their profits in the host country. On this note, this paper examines whether the structural adjustments policies contributed to the decline of the economies of third world countries. Synthesis There are many arguments for and against liberalization of an economies state. One of the arguments supporting the opening up of a countries economy is that it would lead to the growth of the nations GDP. Take for instance Brazil, China and India, these three are the worlds high-velocity growing economies, and this is because they took measures to liberalize their economies, allowing competition, and little government regulation in their sectors. It also needs to an exchange of the much needed foreign exchange, which is beneficial to a nations GDP, and for International trade5. Take India for

The Tragedy of Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Tragedy of Macbeth - Essay ExampleMacbeths guilt and his words demonstrate that he knows it is an diabolic act he and his wife have plotted and are talking about in this scene, but having been approached in Act 1, medical prognosis 3 by the Weird Sisters, the three witches, who, before disappearing, give Macbeth their prophesies as to his ascension to the Kings throne, Macbeth seems to reconcile himself to the fact that he must murder the King and follow through the prophesies. The seed of what is to come has been planted in Macbeths mind, and that it is prophesized by the three withes, in Macbeths mind, makes it somewhat of a done deed.It is at this point that Scene 1, Act 1 becomes vitally important, because it is in that scene that the withes meet and talk about their ideas, and upon departing the third witch declares, Fair is foul, and foul is fair, which sets the stage for the notion that for all(prenominal) action there is a reaction. Though the result of fair is foul, as it certainly is in the mind of Lady Macbeth in Act 1, Scene 7, there is, too, the end result of what is foul is fair, which is what Macbeth seems to be concerned about in Act 1, Scene 7, when he says, False face must hide what the morose heart knows. This, as Macbeth resolves himself to what he is about to do to his kind and friend, Duncan, knowing that it is evil, and his face must not betray what his mind knows lest his evil be detected. in that location is a balance in the universe that comes from the concept of the idea that for every action there is a reaction, or a balance. Act 1, Scene 7 prepares us for that which give be the reaction to the couples murder, in that Macbeths troubled conscious will manifest itself in a panache that brings physical and mental distress to Macbeth. His wife, who denies her conscious in this scene, will suffer equally great physical and mental distresses. Avarice, the basis for the pairs evil, will meet with the balancing

Illegal Immigration and The Cost to US Citizens Essay

Illegal Immigration and The Cost to US Citizens - Essay Examplemmigration in the United States and would provide with both the view points on it think as to if it should be stopped or not (Illegal immigration).It was found that the number of illegal immigrants residing in the United States were almost 10.8 million in January 2009 (Reuters 2010) Most of these immigrants belonged to Latin America, Mexico, and Central America. These immigrants have crossed borders illegally through different ways to enter USA. Most of them enter USA to earn a better aliveness there as it is a developed country. The proponents of illegal immigration believe that they have a positive effect on the economy of the United States as these immigrants tend to work a lot for the service sector. A report known as Perryman report of 2008 found that these illegal immigrants were adding up to $245 billion to the gross domestic product of United States. These proponents believe that it is because of these illegal i mmigrants that the service sector of United States is booming. The wages that the illegal workers take from their employers is quite less as comp atomic number 18d to the wages written in the constitution and this is because it gives an edge to employers. The proponents believe that illegal immigration can create a lot of jobs which naturally other citizens of United States would not be uncoerced to take. It is because of their courtesy that all the sectors of the United States are working in an organized manner. However all these views are opposed by the opponents of illegal immigration as they believe the opposite of what the proponents believe (FOX NEWS 2010 Illegal Immigration).The opponents of illegal immigration argue that these immigrants are taking the rights of the citizens of United States and are depriving them of the basic necessities as fit(p) down in the constitution. The jobs taken up by the illegal immigrants in United States can be taken up by legal citizens if th ey are given the chance. The opponents not only lay down the problems of economy because of these

Disaster Relief Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disaster Relief Assessment - Essay ExampleNatural disasters include earthquakes, floods, vol heapic activities, tornadoes, cyclones, typhoons and loathsome storms. There should be the victorian planning of the goals and the communication facility must be improved greatly. Proper task forces should always be ready who can tackle the situation in their own innovative way. Steps should be taken so that there can be proper thought nearly the situation by which it will be much easier to represent things that can be done. Theoretical approach can help to take a larger step when the problem arises. The insurance and healthcare services should be improved so that the emergency situations can be responded effectively (Eisenman et. al. 2007). Disaster relief opinion also includes the development in the telecommunication facilities. The officials should be trained virtually so that they can be able to do things in a proper way and will have the ability to face all types of disasters. Educa tional programs can be undertaken so that the people can be alert nearly the various types of diseases and then they can take some minimum steps when they face such situations (Forgette, et. al., 2009).

Discuss Max Weber's concept of ideal types in political authority, Essay

Discuss Max Webers concept of ideal roles in political consent, with reference to real world examples - Essay exercisingBlau, P. (p.308) identifies the bases of authority of Weber. Blau said Weber believes that traditional authority is legitimized by the sanctity of religion. As such, it is viewed as something spiritual, eternal and inviolable. The position of the leader is achieved done heredity and is believed to be designed to rule over the rest. By this, the people are bound to follow the leader by tradition of loyalty, personal dependence and sacred beliefs on the divine rights of the kings.The work of Henry, K (n.d.) collaborates with Blau in that traditional authority is established as a rule and the right to statute does not deviate over time. It has been socially accepted and considered as a status quo. As such, change of political authority is impractical. Weber states The creation of new law opposer traditional norms is deemed impossible in principle. In this insta nce, Weber considers traditional authority as being based on patriotism and feudalism. Weber regards patriarchal expression as the servants are completely and personally dependent upon the lord, while in an estate system (i.e. feudalism), the servants are not personal servants of the lord just independent men (Weber 1958, 4 cited by Henry, K.). Political Dictionary defines a patriarchal structure as a society wherein authority was divine, descended from Adam through the kings of Israel to modern kings. The word is also associated by feminists who debate on the practice of giving priority to men over women. Henry, K. gathers from Weber, a description of legitimacy of authority in traditional way is based on custom handed down from the past to present, which often times is a dictatorial process. It is accepted by subordinates and is not challenged by the individuals. This type of authority is found in spiritual, sacred religious forms, a well established culture, and family, tribal or clan type structures. Weber

BUS COM WK3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUS COM WK3 - Essay ExampleIn the article the authors conducted a particularized type of study in which they tracked for rough 60 families and their hundred above children. They inquired about the effects the divorce had produced on them. They found out that the boys of the divorce families do not have any goal they do not want to grow in life, while the girls of the divorced families do not depose other men in their lives. They suffer from the special type of fear in which they fear from bounding themselves in a family with a man. This fear is known as the Sleepers affect. In short with the data the authors tried to prove the negative effects of the divorce on the children. The declared that the divorce is traumatizing and it produces severe effects on the lives of the touch on families.I totally disagree with both the authors and their statistics. It is just that they wanted to show the negative side of the issue. The data was not neutrally collected. Only the negative theme w as extracted.The authors presented a graph in their study in which they tried to show that most of children suffer emotional and behavioral problems after the marriage of their parents. According to the data presented it shows that about 25% of children of such families suffer from mental disorders. They did not show in the graph the prior state of the children of such families. It must be possible that the children were in great stress due to the constant family conflicts of marriage and after divorced their mental state was improved due to living alone or with the superstar parent.The authors also showed by statistics that approx 66% of the women from the age of 9 to 23 suffered from the sleeper effect. They were too afraid to bind themselves in any relation. Also the memories of the divorce of their parents neer helped them to make a stable relation. The greater flaw in the study is that these women might be afraid of the poor marriages not the divorces. They

Has the IMF played a condtructive or destructive role Does it serve Essay - 1

Has the IMF played a condtructive or destructive role Does it serve any purpose in the 21st century - Essay ExampleThe IMF has grown and experienced changes over the last years. Many have embraced this change, while there has been some that have not accepted it. Its members have been increasing, from the initial thirty to over 188 members. This organisation claims to foster financial stability, global monetary corporation and economic stability to its members (Freytag pg 20-30). Its objectives are pitch towards promoting international economic, Corporation, creation of employment, establishing sustainable exchange rate and availing funding to its member states.The role of the international fund about the 21st century is addressed by analysing the success and failure rate. Since its debut, this organisation has funded numerous nations, where there has been failure or success. The facts present a concrete factor that present this organisation as failing. though there are success cases , the failures often lower the impact of these cases. One notable case is the one witnessed in Tanzania. After the IMF stepped in to save this declining economic system, its economy lowered. The employment rate decreased and the literacy level dropped. All this occurred within period from 1985 to 2000 (Research Activities of the International Monetary Fund January 1991-December 1998 pg 26-30)Conclusively, the role played by this organisation cannot be ignored. It continuously helps nations to recover from economic failures. It is lending surveillance police have benefited many and still proves to in years to come. In order to change the amiss(p) image over the years, there must be some adjustments. This adjustment will enhance its role and make it productive as many take for granted it to

Community Health Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Community Health Nursing - Assignment ExampleThe average casualty calculate of Ebola is 50% and therefore, samples be not to be extracted from patients. (WHO, 2014)Diagnosis is conducted through various tests virus extraction by cell structure, serum neutralization test and electron microscopy are examples of diagnostic tests. There is no treatment available for Ebola. However rehydration with intravenous or oral fluids is administered to patients to increase their survival chances. Prevention measures include fasting response to Ebola incidences and isolation of affected victims, proper burial of victims and community engagement towards controlling the disease. There are no proven vaccines for Ebola, though two vaccines are undergoing human testing currently.(WHO, 2014)In case of an outbreak, nurses can educate the affected communities about the disease as ignorance can have dire consequences. Nurses can tolerate both the facts and myths associated with Ebola and advice them on t he best prevention measures. The main ethical issue that Ebola patients face is that they are isolated and kept away from their loved ones for as keen-sighted as they live.3. York, G. (Oct. 09, 2014). Fear and Education play crucial role in Ebola crisis. Retrieved from

Philosophy of Man Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Man EssayMan seems to substantiate been quite a neglected subject in the history of Western philosophical system more attention has been paid to God and universe than to musical composition. Though there are many reputable histories of the specific branches of philosophy and tied(p) of some of its specific subjects such as logic morality, aesthetics, politics, law and history, a history of the philosophy of man has yet to be written and even vet to be conceived. h iodinest man has some cartridge holders been discussed as a part of this or that theory or system in ethics, politics or education, but such auxiliary discussions by their truly nature remain controlled by the requirements and presuppositions of a particular theory or system. al whizz this strikes rather ironical in view of the circumstance that, to the majuscule Socrates first of the founders of Western philosophy, the central theme of philosophy was non the manhood, but man. Socrates deep concern for the well- beingness of man makes him look like a prophet moving amongst the Greeks.In the celebrated Platonic Dialogue the Apology, Socrates is reported to have gone to God, hardly to be graced with a special message for his workfellow men. This Divine message exhorted the Athenians to take the greatest practical care of their souls and non to ruin their lives by letting the care of the body and of the possessions take precedence oer the thoroughly of the soul. Nay, they mustiness make their souls as good as assertable, making them like God. Socrates is, however, better kn suffer to us for his detailed and meticulous analyses of the good qualities of man such as justice, goodness, courage, temperance and so on.But what is more historic for us to note here is the woeful item that nowhere in completely the twenty-eight platonic Dialogues, we find Socrates giving as a definition of man. Perhaps even for Socrates, man was too much of a mystery, and a veritable ri ddle to be comprehended by a philosophical definition. Both Plato and Aristotle, after Socrates, ventured to give us definitions of man but these definitions, with collectable obligingness to these two great masters, unfortunately, are no longer tenable on confirmable grounds.Platos definition of man as a political animal, perhaps, reflects completely the intensely political atmosphere of the city-states of his geezerhood. We in our own days know aboundingy well that man in the pre-literate and primitive societies has neither state nor politics. Aristotles definition of man as a social animal, very sadly, casts a slur on his otherwise well-established reputation as the founder of a systematic and comparative Zoology. Soci business leader cannot be said to be the real hallmark of man to distinguish him from the animals. well-nigh of the animals, at quite a turn a federal agency rung of the exploitationary ladder, manifest as much sociability in their behaviour as man. The social insects like termites, ants, bees and wasps live in colonies and give do evidence of group-integration and division of lab our they have their kings and queens and workers and soldiers much as the homophile beings have. The definition of man as a rational animal not only carries the formidable authority of Aristotle but in any case the weight of a long tradition running finishedout the ages.This definition of man, to my mind, is more prescriptive than descriptive. It exhorts man to think rationally rather than describe the fact of mans actually thinking rationally. But it is an imperative or a command, and a good command indeed but for that very reason not a definition. It may be insisted that Aristotle, in his definition has made an empirical literary argument of the benign that man by virtue of the quality of rationality (differentia) inherent in him, al styles thinks rationally.In that case this definition is not satisfactory, beca habituate it is an incomplete defin ition which has taken rationality as the sole distinctive quality of man as it differentiates him from the animals. There are, however, other similar whimsical qualities of man differentiating him from the animals, which have been completely by-passed in Aristotles definitionqualities, for example, of artistic imagination and numinous sense of the presence of the Divine to all things. Aristotles- definition could give us only a fragmented man as if a featherless biped.Aristotles definition of man in terms of genus and differentia, Platos in terms of the tripartite division of the soul, and the great scholastic philosophers in terms of the indivisible soul-substance which does energy to us nor we do anything to it all of them seem to be some of the blind alleys in the history of philosophy. These definitions, however, are not all in all intendingless in any case they are better than Cartesians definition of man as an assembled organic machine ready to run, or behaviourists defin ition of him as a toy in the Watsonian box mercilessly caught between the stimulii and the responses.Classical philosophers definitions or conceptions of man are to be construed not through the detailed analyses of their philosophical terms but through a close and deep understanding of their whole philosophical posture. In case their definitions continue to remain unacceptable to us, even then we are to change not the definitions but the philosophical perspective from which these definitions have emerged. This is much like moving from the geocentric perspective to the heliocentric perspective in astronomy.But the change of a perspective in philosophy, as in other domains of human knowledge, usually entails a change in the methods of its study, like, for instance, examine the moon, through a telescope and studying it by landing on its surface, or more precisely, as Max Weber puts it, like studying the heathen phenomena through the usual methods of scientific explanation and studyi ng them through the method of interpretative understanding.Quite a few newborn perspectives in philosophy and even the new methods of their study came to be keenly discussed and elaborated in some of the major universities in Germany such as Munich, Hamburg and Berlin, somewhere in the 1020s. Some of these new perspectives or branches of philosophy and their methods may be roughly translated in English as Philosophy of Life, Study of the world Sciences, Study of the ethnic Sciences, Method of Spiritual Interpretation, Method of understanding (verstehn) in Human Sciences, and Method of Phenomenology.From the very titles of.these new branches of philosophy, it becomes clear that they especially focus their attention on man. The method, that the proponents of the new sciences of philosophy employ in the study of man is a highly technical affair broadly speaking, it may be characterized as an empirical method of the highest order. From the new undertakings and preoccupations of some of the distinguished German philosophers in the new philosophy, there emerged quite a few new disciplines such as a Philosophy of Culture, Philosophy of Symbolism, Biographical Studies and Philosophy of the Human Sciences.Among them was also the philosophy of man as a very specialized and self-governing discipline heard as Philosophical Anthropology or Anthropological Philosophy. By 1940 there were quite a few chairs for philosophy of man in some of, the renowned universities in Germany. After World War II interest in this discipline spread to Holland and France. Soon after it had its impact felt in the get together States possibly through the influence of the intimately distinguished German philosopher, Ernest Cassirer, who after having left Germany in 1933 had taught at Oxford and later chaired the Departments of Philosophy, at the universities of Yale and Columbia.He is perhaps the only German Philosopher to have been admitted to the distinction of the library of living phi losophers. Without any pretentions to originality the philosophers of man have acknowledged their great indebtedness to many of the philosophers of the past notably to Blaise Pascal, Goethe, Kant, Herder, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Feuerbach, Nietzsche. They have drawn their greatest inspiration, however, from the works of Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) one of the greatest philosophers of history and culture. Dilthey is noted for his thoroughgoing empiricism and for the encyclopedic range of his academic interests.The roughly singular of his contributions to philosophy, however, is his twist of a new methodology for philosophy, and a Dew science of interpretation (Hermenutics) for the study of human sciences (Geisteswisseneschaften). He is reported to have worked on these major preoccupations of his for forty years. Diltheys works, prepared by a team of editors, have appeared in eighteen volumes with more to follow. A six-volume English translation of his selected works is being published by Princton University since 1984.Among the writers specifically on the philosophy of man in Germany, by far the most active of its exponents, is Max Scheler whose work Mans Place in Nature (Die Stellung des Mensehen in Kosmos. 1928) is perhaps the first ice- hander. Scheler was also the first to employ an independent method of phenomenology to the study of religion. He, however, is better known in the Anglo-Saxon world for his pioneer work on Sociology of Knowledge, the great merit of which has been recognized by th Max Weber and Karl Mannheim.Ernest Cassirer, generally known to us for being one of the earliest writers on Einsteins Theory of Relativity (1921), is in fact the most distinguished philosopher of symbolization. His very original theory of symbolism as exhibited variously in science, art, religion, myth and words, is elaborately expounded in his three-volume work Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (Philosophie der Symbolischen Formen, 1923-1929). This theory has given the new p hilosophy of man a firm empirical base it has also given to it a definitive starting point.Man, according to Ernest Cassirer, is essentially a symbolizing animal. It is mans unique ability to use symbols, or in the language of the Quran, the ability to learn things that differentiates man from the pre-human animals. It is through this unique ability to use symbols that man learnt to assign to objects, persons and advents certain(prenominal) meanings such as could not at all be grasped through the sensations. So long as man did not become aware of symbols, he remained at a take of mental existence in which the world was dark and opaque and meant nothing.But the moment man started using symbols he was, as if through a magic wand, awakened to a new mode of consciousness the consciousness of meanings. Mans awareness of, so to say, capturing the things by appoint meanings to them through the use of symbols, lifted him literally to a new dimension of human existence. This exaltation o f man to a new level of existence, verily because of his ability to use symbols is referred to in the Quran i. e. verse when Adam exhibited the ability to name things and this was beyond the angels spiritual dimensionangels prostrated themselves before him.It is interpreted sometimes to mean that it is verily through his ability to use linguistic process that man came to have a mysterious sway over everything that he touched or looked at. In the symbolic comprehension of meanings, the words dog, rat, rabbit, are not merely sounds but meaningful sounds. The meanings, however, are not inherent in the sounds (or in the shapes or the configurations of the garner in case of written words) as such, but are arbitrarily or conventionally assigned to them by human beings.The point to be noted here is that, in an articulate speech, the sensory sounds of the words have no intrinsic relations to the meanings intended by the speaker sounds or patterns of sounds are utilize merely as symbolic instruments or vehicles for the meanings. This explains very largely that though the anthropoid apes, in the so-called great-ape-language-experiments, usually succeed in picking up short series of single words, they utterly fail to develop a sense of contextual relevance of words as also to acquire the ability to link the words syntactically or as the experimenters put it Apes are complete blank in grammar. How and when did man learn to use symbols or words continues to remain an open incredulity. Plato was perhaps the first to broach the subject of the origin of language in his Dialogue The Cratylos. His discussion of the matter, however, was inconclusive as also were the notional theories of many classical philosophers who ventured into unravelling the mystery of language. Inquiries into the origin of language are now quite out of fashion with the modern philosophers and linguists.We must, however, note herethe position on this issue taken by Edward Burnett Tylor. He was, admitt edly, one of the most distinguished of the British anthropologists. He tells us that at some point in the evolution of primates, a threshold was r individuallyed in some line, or lines, when the ability to use symbols was suddenly realized and made explicit in overt behaviour. There is no intermediate stage, logical or neurological, between symbol ling and non-symbolling an individual or a species is either capable of symbolling or he or it is not. All that Tylor means to tell us here is that the ability to use symbols emerged through a kind of mysterious leap and is not the product of gradual and ceaseless process of evolution. This is clearly indicated by the, expression suddenly realized in the above passage. Instead of openly confessing his ignorance on the issue of the origin of symbolling, i. e. , language, Tylor seems here to clothe this ignorance by using the doubtful and debatable article of faith of leaps or jumps so popular with the Emergent and Creative Evolutionists. If both philosophy and science fail us in this matter, why not then accept the view given in the Scriptures that man learnt the names of things from God Himself and call it the divine theory of language. notwithstanding as scientists we are not to say that there are only perceptual symbols and completely ignore a whole class of symbols called the sacred symbols. The religious symbols constitute a peculiar language of their own which is quite as meaningful as scientific language only like the language of art, it has its own unique method of interpretation or in Diltheys words a unique Hermenutics.Having acquired the capacity to use symbols a bit more freely and having built up a sizable working lexicon of these symbols, man started his journey away from the physical world (merely a sensory world of the animals), created by the Lord, to a non-physical world, created by man himself as the Deputy of the Lord. Very briefly this new world of the Deputy is the world of, meanings and set giving a broad classificatory description of it, it is the world of language, myth, art, religion, philosophy, and science.It is however more convenient to call it the world of culture. It is to be noted here that animals cannot possibly be admitted to mans world of culture as earlier they could not be admitted to mans world of symbols. Culture and symbols indeed are like soul and body to each other. Hence it would not be inappropriate to say that culture, born of the inmost passions of mans psyche or spirit (Geist), always manifests itself in and through the dress of symbols.Much more essential, however, is the fact that it is only through its symbolic dress that culture receives a tangible form so that it can be safely stored in libraries, galleries, museums, and places of worship. Soon, culture assumes a personality of its own, independent of man, its creator. It then begins to move from generation to generation, and from epoch to epoch and manages to stalk in mans history as a power by itself. Culture thus comes to change its position with man and claims to be creator of man.The way culture is transmittable from one generation to another is the most wondrous of all the cultural phenomena. Nietzsche observed in his usual inclisive way that culture could be possessed by man unsocial for man alone is born as an unfinished animal. The human infant as compared to the infants of other animals is biologically much less organize as if it were born premature and certainly it is too much of a weakling to face the slightest blows of nature. Moreover this creature has to go a long way before it can lay claims to be on its own if ever it wouldOn the other hand the parents of this weakling are irresistibly attracted to it and extend to it the most affectionate care and love. The weaklings helplessness for a long stretched period of its infancy and the corresponding intense attachment of the parents (particularly of the mother) are some of the important constituen ts of a new phase of the human weaklings life. This phase has been termed as the second gestation or the extra-uterine gestation.It seems as if the infant at the time of its birth was released from the biological confines of the mother only to be thrown into the socio-cultural confines of the world. It has sometimes been said that most human animals move from the confines of one shell into those of another and never really are born, unless, of course, if they are helped through some kind of cultural maiuetics or spiritual midwifery. It is a well-known fact that a child learns his native language in the shortest possible span of time.By the age of six and even five most children would have learnt not only more than 90% of the basic vocabulary of their language but also its grammar, the correct form of its a lot of idioms, the right pronunciation, the proper set phrase or intonation, the appropriate choice of words to be addressed variously to parents, a sibling, a playmate, or a ser vant. This is amazing How does the child learn all this? I he simple and perhaps correct answer is The child learns all this through its skin.The child starts being sensitized right from the early days of its birth by a deeply emotionalized inter-personal involvement with a number of persons around it. The most important of these persons, of course, is the mother who starts teaching the child a new scheme of conditioned reflexes, soon to be developed into an elaborate system of symbols, not merely through the words of mouth but also through the soft and warm touches of her body, her hugs, her fondlings, her caresses, and her one and hundred kisses. The language as if it were, was being injected into the child.As the child grows up through boyhood and adolescence right into adulthood this language waistcloth with him and becomes the veritable part of his personality. It would not be for wrong to assert that the child gets enclosed for ever within the shell of its native language whic h it cannot possibly break through unless it chances to be a Ghalib or an Iqbal. It is exceedingly important to note here that the child imbibes its native culture through the same emotionally sensitized, subjectivized, internalized way as becomes available to it in learning the native language.Culture and language (scheme of symbols) are so closely tied to each other that it is well-nigh unaccepted to imagine a culture without its peculiar language nor is it possible to think of a language without its culture. To have a language without a culture is tantamount(predicate) to having words without meanings, which makes no sense. and so childs learning its native culture, and its learning the native language are not two processes but one in which the two are interwined with each other for their very existence.Some leading modern psychologists, however, are of the view that the child learns the whole value and feeling-system somatic in its culture much quicker than he learns the l anguage. The process of imbibing the culture they hold is comparatively more sensitized, more subjectivized and more internalized than that learning the language. diction on the other hand, is a bit more of a cognitive and schematic affair. Language further has more of an instrumental value to serve as a symbolic medium, while culture carries all the intrinsic meanings and values which are closest to the childs heart.The child internalizes all the cultural meanings and values of his milieu and they become real powerful ingredients of his personality. In other words the child gets snugly enclosed in a fully fortified, double-walled shell of language and culture for the rest of his life. The notion of the second, i. e. , the socio-cultural gestation of man is, thus, not to be labelled a mere speculation of the philosophical anthropologists but a doctrine well-rooted in the empirically grounded evidence.The above process of acculturation through which every human child has to pass has led some American psychologist, notably benedick pathos and Margaret Mead, to advance their doctrine of cultural determinism. According to this doctrine, even though individuals think that they make personal choices, at least, in such trivial matters as buying an article of clothing or eating or not eating a particular food in the restaurant, their choices are, in fact, fully obstinate by the socio-cultural milieu in which they have .been brought up. However bleak, gloomy or disheartening by this view of stark determinism might be, It is not easy to confound it. It carries weight in so far as it explains some important socio-cultural phenomena. Take, for instance, the strifes and conflicts between socio-cultural groups, small or big, belonging to this or that piece ,of land, in the randomness or the north, in the east or the west, subscribing to this or that religious view or ideological shiboleths.These social psychologists and culturologists tell us, are very largely due to t he fact that the socio-political behaviour of the individuals and more particularly of their leaders is dertermined in the final analysis by the forces residing within their respective socio-cultural shells. Cultural determinism as viewed by Ruth and Mead and even as conceived earlier by the behaviourists, the psycho-analysts and the historical materialists poses a real serious challenge to any philosophy of man.Philosophers like Dilthey and Scheler, however, insist that the solution to this ostensibly impossible problem is not theoretical but entirely practical and experiential. Culture, according to them, owes its origin, essentially to the extraordinary experiences and arduous creative work of the great prophets, the great artists, and the great philosophers and other great geniuses who have given new meanings and new dimensions to human life. These torch-bearers of life cannot be said to be passive product of socio-cultural forces of their milieu.The very fact that they have th e capacity to take these socio-cultural forces into their own hand and direct them into new channels in the light of their Geist falsifies any such view. Dilthey, however, goes farther and urges us to absorb and internalize the extraordinary experiences of these lumanaries of humanity to the best of our abilities so that these may be re-lived to the maximum possible extent in our own humble souls, Thus alone shall we be born again and be released from the bondage of cultural determinism.This is, however, by no means, an easy, affair. Nevertheless, it is a real uphill task. It may be recalled that Dilthey worked for full forty years on the sciences of human spirit (Geisteswissenscha ften ) then he could arrive at their methodology. This is a methodology, primarily, about transferring or transmitting the experiences of the great founders of human culture to the generality of mankind. Among other things, Dilthey has insisted on the experiential rather than the barely intellectual or ac ademical interpretations (Hermeunities) of the great texts.It is through the former type of interpretation alone that we are enabled to have true intuitive comprehension (Verstchn) of the inner import of these texts. It is heartening to note that Allama Iqbal has advocated a method for the comprehension of the text. of the Quran which is almost superposable with that of Dilthey. The Allama says in his Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam No understanding of the Holy prevail is possible until it is revealed to the believer just as it was revealed to the Prophet.This most remarkable narrative, unique in the history of Islamic thought, is to be found in the opening passage of Lecture VII of the Reconstruction, a, lecture addressed in the beginning to the very learned audience of the Aristotelian Society in London (on the 5th of December, 1932). Though the Allama has ascribed this statement to an unnamed Islamic Sufi (sic), I, on the hind end of my study of the Reconstruc tion and experience of expounding its text to a few generations of students for the last more than 20 years, beg to differ with him and aver that the said statement is positively his own.The Allama has ascribed it to an unknown Sufi, to my mind, only because he had great misgivings about the way it might be received by the traditional scholars of Islam. Let me add that the statement is purely prescriptive and not descriptive in the usual sense it does not refer to a fact, here a credal fact, i. e. , a belief it only exhorts us to do something in a certain way if we want to have a desired end. So, as a prescriptive statement, it potently recommends to us a method for the true comprehension of the meanings of the Quran.It tells us that a true believer must so deeply interiorize the meanings of the Holy Book that he starts almost re-living certain experiences on account of which, these meanings were comprehended by or revealed to the Prophet. Thus, the reference here is essentially to a spiritual process or method through which alone (and the true believers have no choice in this matter) a true believer would comprehend the meanings of the Quranic text closest possible to the comprehension of the Prophet. This perhaps is the only, though very arduous, way of deepening or intensifying our Islamic consciousness.The statement, however, is open to the misinterpretation that in so far as it recommends the believer to do something which is very close to Prophets very unique way of doing it, it implies or suggests that the believer is raised to the status of the Prophet and this is sacrilegeous. It is to be noted that the true believers being raised in his status is purely and entirely epistemic or experiential which is a blessing, not ontic, real, or actual which is impossible, or, as James Wards puts it, the most impossible of all things in the world.We cannot be a Plato or a Shakespeare, how can we be an Abraham, a Moses or a Muhammad? May God forgive us for any su ch thoughts. At the time of writing Lecture VII which embodies the above statement, i. e. , kinsfolk 1932, the Allama was very busy and much preoccupied in so many things Javid Nama was to come soon in December in October he was to leave for leash Round Table Conference and so on. He did not want to be disturbed just because the great traditional scholars would not renderstand him on an important academic statement of his so in haste he foisted it on a Islamic Sufi.Please note the rather unusual expression the Muslim Sufi, most unexpected of Iqbal, as perfect a master of English diction- as that of Persian. The Muslim Sufi, as if there could be also Christian or Hindu Sufis, betrays the very divided feelings or moments of hesitation at the time of thinking of this expression and tacitly nodding to it Let it go He was keenly aware of the profound religious meanings embodied in the above statement but also painfully aware of the spiritual opaqueness of his co-religionists who mig ht be displeased with it.He was divided between pleasing his eo-religionists and pleasing himself. So he chose to father the statement on a Muslim Sufi he would not name, and thus please both himself and his brethren in faith nobody would know that the Muslim Sufi was he himself. It is generally narrated that somewhere in early November, 1933, on way back from Afghanistan Iqbal told Syed Sulaiman Nadvi that the Sufi referred to in the above statement was no other than his own father. The very fact that the name of the author of the statement popped up signifies that the statement must have struck the Syed extraordinary.More notable, however, is the fact that the great Syed accepted Iqbals assertion as it was and did not comment on it nor added anything to it not even later. He did not say, for example I am so pleased to know this. But my dear friend, it is nothing very original, it may as well be found in Ghazali, Rumi, Ibn Arabi, Jili, Mujaddid Alit Thani, or any name like them. It looks rather odd that the Iqbal scholars have restfully agreed to foist such an important and methodologically most significant statement on a Sufi, who never had any pretensions whatsoever in the Sufi-lore nor in the subtle and profound ways of the Sufis.Would it be better to be rich and ugly, or poor but beautiful? The Philosophy of Man is another name for mans study of philosophy. Philosophy is defined as the study of general and fundamental problems. These problems are typically related to fields such as knowledge, existence, reason, mind, values and language. The come on that philosophers take is different from other ways of addressing the problems due to it being critical and systematic. It also carries a heavy reliance on rational argument.There are a number of different of branches of the Philosophy of Man, some of these are listed below. Metaphysics. This considers the study of the nature of reality. This can include the relationship between body and mind as well as s ubstance and accident and causation and events. Within metaphysics there are other branches including ontology and cosmology. Ethics. This is sometimes referred to as moral philosophy. Ethics deals mainly with the question about what is the best way to live and whether this is a question that can actually be answered.Ethics can be subdivided into normative ethics, applied ethics and meta-ethics. Epistemology. This is concerned with the scope and nature of knowledge. It also poses the question about whether knowledge is possible. It is often concerned with the challenge posed by skepticism and studies the relationships between truth, acknowledgment and belief. Logic. Within philosophy the study of logic is that of valid argument forms. The subject of logic can be separated into two branches, mathematical logic and philosophical logic. Political philosophy.The study of the government and the relationship of individuals to states is something that is becoming more popular within t he philosophical world. Questions are posed about justice, law, rights and obligations and it is often closely conjugate with ethics. Philosophy A philosophy is a system of beliefs about reality. It is ones integrated view of the world. It includes an understanding of the nature of existence, man, and his role in the world. Philosophy is the foundation of knowledge. It is the well-worn by which ideas are integrated and understood.Philosophy is a necessary product of mans rational mind. To live, man must gain knowledge of the world. To understand the world, man must form conclusions about its very nature. For instance, to gain knowledge of particular objects, man must recognize that objects have identity. He must recognize that conclusions are possible because the world does exist, and exists in a particular way. Philosophy provides the framework for which man can understand the world. It provides the premises by which man can discover truth, and use his mind to support his life.Ev ery man has an understanding of the world. Every man must have a philosophy, even if it is never made explicit. Philosophy of the Human Persons Selected Theses The following are the five (5) selected theses that I shall endeavourto explicate and exemplify 1. Philosophy is the science of knowledge. But the outcome of any philosophical dubiousness is determined by its starting place . Michael Novak (Belief and Unbelief) 2. The intrinsic objectivity of humancognitional activity is its intentionality. Bernard Lonergan, SJ (CognitionalStructure) 3. Reflection is one of the lifes ways of rising from one level of being to another Gabriel Marcel (Primary and Secondary Reflection TheExistential Fulcrum) 4. Each symbol gives rise to comprehension by meansof interpretation . Paul Ricoeur (The Symbol Food for Thought) and 5. Wehave the empiric presence which is a common spiritual bond in virtue of which each is present in the other and participates in the being of another -Engelbert train Croonenburg (Man and Fellow- Man). Philosophy.

Consideration Essay Example for Free

Consideration EssayAn Agreement here is delineate as every promise and every set of promises, forming the reflexion for distributively other, is an agreement defined under section 2(e) of Indian Contract Act, 1872. Making a re resolving power is simply a way of facilitating amongst other things, the exchange of goods and services. Under a contract the, parties voluntarily assume their obligations or undertakings.Consideration is the recompense given by the party contracting to the other. 2. Consideration is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise then given for value is enforceable. 3. Consideration means well-nighthing which is of some value in the eyes of the law. 4. A valuable consideration in the sense of the law, may harp either in some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to the one party or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other.If a bargain gives a party a choice of alte rnative obligations, each alternative on its own must constitute sufficient consideration for the return promise. If a promise is void or voidable e. g. , due to the incapacity of the promisor the sufficiency of the consideration is not necessarily negated.The judges, when they exercise this violence of interference, are playing an extrinsic test which frustrates the expectation of the parties. It does not follow however, that such a test is necessarily harsh, still less that it is illogical. In some of the brasss the law is settled, other are shrouded in controversies but in all of them the grounds of interference seems to be the same. Consideration made not be commensurate and may, on occasion be extremely tenuous, but it must comprise ome element which can be regarded as the price of the suspect promise and hardly to repeat an existing obligation may well seem to offer nothing at all.It may be appreciated that a person, who by his prescribed status or through the operation of the law is under a public duty to act in a certain way, is not regarded as furnishing consideration merely by promising to discharge the duty. For example, no one would expect a policeman to bargain with a citizen for the price of his protection. In the case stated the defendant argued that this meant that they were not obliged to pay for the large number if policemen who attend their ground at home matches because, in present conditions of crowd behaviour, a major police presence at the ground was necessary to preserve law and order.The Court of assemblage thought that on that point was a fundamental balance on the facts. In the Glassbrook case the threat to law and order was external to the parties since neither could call off the strike. In the present case, the defendant had voluntarily to perpetrate on their matches at times, typically Saturday afternoons, when large attendance and therefore large possibilities of disorder where likely, and when a substantial police pre sence could only be achieved by calling policemen of their rest days and paying large sum of overtime. The police authority were, therefore, entitled to be paid.When the plaintiff is bound by an existing contractual duty to the defendant There is no consideration if all that the plaintiff does is to perform, or to promise the performance of, an obligation already imposed upon him by old contract between him and the defendant is illustrated by a group of thesis in the first half of 19th century. In this case the defendant where a firm of building contractors who entered into a contract for the refurbishment of a block of 27 flats. They sub contracted the carpentry work to the plaintiff for 20,000.Although there was no formal arrangement to this effect, the plaintiff was paid bullion on account. After the contract had been running for some months and the plaintiff had finished the carpentry at 9 of the flats and done some preliminary work in all the rest, for which he had receive d some 16,200 on account, he found that he was in pecuniary difficulties. This difficulties arose partly because the plaintiff had underestimated the cost of doing the work in the first place and partly because of faulty supervision of his work men.The plaintiff and the defendants had a meeting at which the defendants agreed to pay the plaintiff a further 10,300 at a rate of 575 per flat to be paid as each flat was completed. The plaintiff carried on work and finished some 8 further flats but only 1one further payment of 1,500 was made. The plaintiff stopped work and brought an action for damages. The defendant argued that they were not liable as they had simply promised to pay the plaintiff extra for doing what he has in any case obliged to do, that is to finish to the contract.The Court of Appeal might perhaps have found consideration in what Russell LJ described as the replacement of a haphazard method of payment by a more formalised scheme involving the payment of the specified sum on the completion of each flat since it was clear that the under the original contract there was no express agreement for stage payments. 3. Composition with creditors It has long been a common practise for the creditors of an impecunious debtor to make an arrangement with him where by each agrees to accept a stated percentage of his debt in full satisfaction.The search for a sufficient consideration to support so reasonable an agreement has caused the courts a lot embarrassments. It would appear at first sight to fall under the ban in Pinnels case, and such was the view adopted in 1804 by Lord Ellenborough. both alternatives suggestions have been proffered. The first was the second thought of Lord himself. There was consideration for the composition, he suggested in 1812, in the fact that each individual creditor agreed to precede part of his debt on the hypothesis that all the other creditors would do the ame. A moments reflection will expose the weakness of this argument . Such a consideration would, no doubt, suffice to support the agreement as between the creditors themselves. But, if the debtor sought to rely upon it, he would be met by the immediate objection that he himself had furnish to return for the creditors promises to him, and, as already observed, it is a cardinal rule of the law that the consideration must move from the promisee.A second solution is to say that no creditor will be allowed to go behind the composition agreement, to the prejudice either of the other creditors or of the debtor himself, because this would be a fraud upon all the parties concerned. The solution was suggested by Lord Tenterden in 1818 and supported by Willes J in 1863, and it has since won general approbation. But it is frankly an argument ab inconvenienti and evades rather than meets the difficulty.Where the plaintiff is bound by an existing contractual duty to a third party When the plaintiff performs, or promises to perform, an obligation already impose d upon him by a contract previously made, not between him and the defendant, but himself and the third party. The question whether such a promise or a performance affords suficient consideration has provoke a voluminous literature more generous, indeed, then the practical implications would seem to warrant. In a case mentioned here the defendant agreed to pay money to he plaintiff in return for the plaintiff promise (a) to actualize a separation deed and b)to pay his debts to a third party. The promise to execute the separation deed raised questions of public policy but was held good consideration.